![]() ![]() ![]() References are appearing in the literature that address those issues (e.g., Smith et al. 1997), but space limitations prevent including results in this paper. The Hydrologic Research Laboratory and its collaborators are performing ongoing performance evaluations (e.g., Seo et al. There is no attempt made here to discuss how the PPS has performed since the WSR-88Ds were first deployed. These releases by the WSR-88D Operational Support Facility (OSF) have typically come at roughly one-and-a-half-year intervals and have allowed the WSR-88D-algorithms to mature and evolve over time as operational experience grows.ĭetails of the fundamentals of radar rainfall estimation and the associated error sources can be found in numerous review articles (e.g., Sauvageot 1994 Joss and Waldvogel 1990 Smith 1990 Austin 1987 Doviak 1983 Wilson and Brandes 1979), though a brief summary relevant specifically to the PPS is presented. The result is a comprehensive description of the current state of the PPS as of the latest WSR-88D software release “Build 9,” delivered in November 1996. This paper describes the real-time processing steps of the PPS in transforming reflectivity factor measurements into rainfall accumulations for operational forecasting applications, and it updates the original articles describing the initial PPS design ( Ahnert et al. Today the algorithm remains largely unchanged from its original design. It was designed, developed, and tested over a number of years beginning in the early 1980s at the Hydrologic Research Laboratory under the leadership of M. The algorithm that produces rainfall estimates, called the Precipitation Processing System (PPS), is actually a set of“subalgorithms” that execute in series. In addition to standard base data products (reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width), the WSR-88D radars use fully automated scientific algorithms to generate value-added hydrometeorological products for use by forecasters ( Klazura and Imy 1993). In particular, it has greatly improved the NWS hydrologic forecasting and warning program ( Fread et al. The NEXRAD program has been a major component of the ongoing technology modernization of the NWS and has revolutionized weather forecasting in the United States. The first radars were deployed in 1991 and the last ones in 1997. It has resulted in the delivery of over 160 S-band Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars across the United States ( Crum and Alberty 1993 Heiss et al. The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) program is a federal triagency program of the National Weather Service (NWS Department of Commerce), Federal Aviation Administration (Department of Transportation), and Air Force Air Weather Service and Naval Oceanography Command (Department of Defense). Overview of follow-on rainfall processing Reflectivity calibration and clutter suppression Current limitations and future challenges Rain gauge data collection and processing 3) Quality control of gauge–radar pairs.2) Assembly of hourly radar accumulations.1) Assembly of hourly gauge accumulations.1) Conversion from reflectivity to rain rate.4) Correction for isolated targets and ground clutter.1) Construction of the sectorized reflectivity hybrid scan. ![]()
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